Because of these chaotic conditions, impact craters dominate the landforms found on most of the solid-surface bodies in our SS. makes craters form different sizes? In the space below, make an x-y plot of the average crater diameter versus rock number. You will also determine if you could detect a potential impactor and how much time you would have before it hits the Earth. Objectives Students will: model impact crat er s in the lab . Spider Crater sits in a depression and has a central uplift area characteristic of impact craters, it shows extreme differences in erosion, giving it a unique appearance. The large crater to the far right near the horizon is Copernicus. 1. impact on life and future exploration of the solar system. Practice dropping the object into the sand from different heights. Once you have found the edge of the crater, use a measuring device to measure the distance from one side of the crater to the other. Make student copies of the satellite images on transparencies or paper. In elementary physics we learn that your impact velocity, v, is given by v = p 2 gh where h is the drop height and g is the acceleration due to the Earth's gravity. The majority of them are located within the geologically stable . Moon Impact Craters Part 1 In this activity, you will create impact craters in plaster of Paris. In this space science lesson, students calculate how much energy is transferred during meteorite impact. Use this video for the Model Crater LabQ: How do the speed and size of an asteroid affect its impact crater? The goals of this exercise will be to make several tests of the impact crater hypothesis. GEAS Project. Lesson 10: Impact Craters: A Look at the Past Lesson at a Glance Lesson Overview The countless craters, big and small, that are found on the surfaces . 5. Resources: Worksheet, Images, Impact: Earth, Comparable nuclear detonation video Terminology: Meteor, Meteoroid, Meteorite, Impactor Tutorials: N/A Asteroids. How many impact craters are on the Earth? Follow the steps below. The bright, circular feature at center right has a diameter of about 50 miles (80 . Lab-Learning Activity: PLANETARY GEOLOGY. For this Hubble Space Telescope worksheet, students are given a . Measuring impact craters on the Earth. This lesson introduces students to the hundreds of impact craters on Earth in a fun global competition. Most sediments cement together will be another way the virtual volcano lab worksheet. Leveled worksheets and an answer key are provided. _____ _____ _____ 2. Once you have recorded three trial drops for each of the 3 objects, average the results per rock. Lab 6 - Impacts & Craters ASTR 1010 Name: Overview In this activity you will calculate crater sizes and environmental factors caused by impacts of meteorites. Activity Crater Ages Crater Experiment Crater Sizes Questions Summary Section 2.2.1 2.3.1 2.4.1 2.5 2.6 Page 6 11 18 20 23 Points 19 16 15 15 35 3. Drop each rock from the same height. This is called kinetic energy because it is caused by motion. The impact cratering lab exercises you have just completed demonstrate how images of the surface of a planet, or moon, can be used to make detailed measurements. Simulate a rock impacting the surface, by holding one of the rocks above your head and dropping it into the cake pan. Record your data in the table worksheet. It is becoming the focus of interest for scientists in many fields including physics, geology, and biology. Illustration - Labels. Two reservoirs of brine, ellipsoids shaped like giant M&M's, appear to sit below the crater. Does this seem to be consistent with your results? Gps vector data you can refer to use this change up with lemons, ask them how does it has a future! $10.00. Notice that v varies with the square root of h , which means that it varies rather slowly with height. Major mass extinctions, after Raup 4. momentum immediately prior to impact with the sand. Prelab Answer these questions: What factors could affect an impact crater's shape and size? Group size: Individual or teams of 3-4 . This will simplify our equation to: R = 2.26x10-3* D1.28 (Equation 1) In our simplified equation, D (diameter of the crater) and R (radius of impactor) will be in units of meters. Make three craters with each of the three rocks (a total of nine craters for Experiment #1). This third possibility was first voiced in the 1960's. Solar System bodies without atmospheres or geological activity have many more visible craters than Earth. Record the diameter, the height of the drop, and any observations from the drop in the table below. Rim The raised edge of the crater. Teacher Activity #2. This layer will be like the . . Observe the crater size made by meteoroids (your rock drops) of different sizes. o the kinetic energy of the ball dropped from height "h" will be: k mv2mgh 2 1. o the diameter of a crater "d" Impact Crater Lab Date _____ Terrestrial Impact Craters, Second Edition Compiled by . These craters have diameters between about 12 and 110 miles (20 and 175 km), and the central uplift is usually one or a few peaks. This studentdesigned lab focuses on understanding the factors that - play a role in the resulting crater formed after an impact. Based on the depth of the crater, calculate the acceleration of the ball in the sand, the average force applied, the time to stop, and the impulse the sand applied to the ball. NASA analysts said there was no The edge of the crater is typically where the crater rim is the highest. Students explore surface evolution on Terrestrial planets and satellites, learning about the science behind relative and absolute age-dating techniques. The centers of some of the craters have bumps, as do many enigmatic craters on the Moon, Mars, and other surfaces. Lab 2 : Planetary Processes; Impact Crater Counting. Moon Impact Craters Lab Procedure: Get together with your group and gather all necessary supplies. You will then be asked to calculate the kinetic energies involved in some of the impacts which have . 4. Record your data in the table worksheet. Notice how the marbles make craters in the pan. No more boring flashcards learning! Record the crater diameters on the data sheet after each drop. Geological activity can also hide them, for example if the surface is re-covered with lava. Used this activity? . The lunar highlands on Earth's moon is a good example of a surface that has not changed in over 4 Ga. and as a result has a high density of craters on its surface. Your group will be given an object, such as a steel bearing, super ball. activity. Ensure each group member has a Data chart and a pencil. Find the mass using the triple beam balance and write the results on the Impact Crater Impact Data table. The lab exercises in Part I utilize movies of impact experiments to demonstrate the formation and structure of impact craters. Downloads. Parts of an impact crater include 1:floor, 2: walls, 3: rim, 4: central peak, 5: ejecta, 6: rays. - Slide projector and several slides dealing with impact cratering - Marbles (these are the impactors) - Sling shot (for high velocity impacts) - Additional dry tempura paint Rays Ejecta tossed out of the crater at high speed. Gently shake box to even out the sand. 1. Fill empty pizza box with sand, after placing newspaper under it. . There is a quantifiable relationship between the dimensions of a crater and the mass, drop height and velocity of the object which made it, when it impacted the surface. Using the cm ruler find the radius of the object. 3. This heat causes Can we see craters on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune? Craters are round, bowl-shaped depressions surrounded by a ring, like the one shown in Figure 1. Add a third layer of cocoa by sprinkling it over the top with a spoon or sifting it for a more even coating. Find an impact crater that you want to measure the diameter of. The cores and quantitative biology contains an understanding of virtual lab lizard worksheet answer key lab experience practicing science fiction are going to do early branching pattern from your understanding of ordering events by. Lab 2 Cratering and the Lunar Surface 2.1 Introduction . On objects lacking atmospheres and dynamic surface processes, the impacts ranged in size from the minute to the colossal and were well preserved. Find the edge of the crater. The lab exercises in Part I utilize movies of impact experiments to demonstrate the formation and structure of impact craters. This is the Copernicus Crater on the Moon. Impact Cratering Lab Part I: Impact Cratering Mechanics & Crater Morphology Part I of this lab introduces the mechanics of crater formation and the morphology of different types of craters. Today, the . It is formed by the outwards and upwards compression of the crater walls, not ejecta. It is flat in large craters (the marble will be there in this activity). In the second Activity, photographs of the cratered . Indicate the abbreviated name of the landform on each student copy of the image. Digging Deeper. When astronauts visit the Moon for future Artemis missions, they will study craters that may contain water molecules and ice. Have students work in groups to complete the exercises. 4. . Stephanie Erickson Science. Three Differentiated Labs Are Provided To Investigate Impact Craters. Activity Guidelines Page 1 Activity Guidelines for Impact Craters Supplies: - Several boxes filled with flour (flour is covered by a layer of tempura paint). Each round hole is the place where a meteorite impacted, or hit, the surface of the moon, so craters are often called impact . activity) play a role in shaping the landscapes we see. This exploration guides students through a series of activities to collect data using digital simulations and images, analyze that . Predict what you expect to happen if you drop the red gumball different heights. Once you have recorded three trial drops for each of the 3 objects, average the results per rock. Smooth the sand and drop the gumball . This worksheet will guide you through how to download Google Earth, how to navigate to each impact crater, how to measure the diameter of each crater and to put the sizes of these craters into perspective. In this lab we are looking ahead to the penultimate topic of this astronomical quarter: the solar system. Remember, average speed is . 2. Cratering and the Lunar Surface. 4. Cover that layer with a dusting of the second, different-colored powder using a sifter. will have in the lab) the energy will be dissipated as random motions of the surface material - that is stuff will be knocked out in all directions by the impact, leaving a crater with a characteristic profile and circular shape. IMPACT CRATERING MECHANICS When a high-speed object strikes a surface, it produces an enormous amount of energy. activity on the Moon 14 Asteroid 2011 MD flew past Earth on Monday, June 27th (2011). state the relationships between the size of the crater, size of - Calculate the crater diameter to the third power with your calculator. Crater 1 unit. - Calculate the crater diameter to the third power with your calculator. Activity Guidelines Page 1 Activity Guidelines for Impact Craters Supplies: - Several boxes filled with flour (flour is covered by a layer of tempura paint). Upload your study docs or become a Identify various structures caused by the cratering process. Smaller objects do not burn up or slow down on bodies without atmospheres; hence, they may cause many more small impact craters than on Earth. Craters are round, bowl-shaped depressions surrounded by a ring, like the one shown below.Impact craters are made when a meteorite crashes into a planet or moon (as opposed to volcanic craters, which are created when a volcano erupts). This is a digital lab exploration as an alternative to the wet lab with marbles and flour. In their search for craters, students will broaden their scientific perspectives to the seven continents, a variety of target rocks, longitude and latitude, diameters, and age in millions of years. 4. _____ _____ _____ 2. In particular, the focus here is the planets nearest to Earth. Lab #3. Manipulate the variables of velocity and mass to investigate how these affect the formation of craters. Preparation. This hands-on activity requires students to "visit . Drop the ping-pong ball onto the sand from the same height as Part 1. Description. They conduct an experiment in creating their own impact craters, and then determine a relationship between crater size and projectile . A smaller briny reservoir about 120 miles wide sits to the crater's southeast, 12 miles beneath the surface. Why or why not? Make your own series of craters, to observe the "geological" results. With our equation simplified and our reminder about converting units, it's time to calculate impactor sizes! Thus, only about 160 terrestrial impact craters have been recognized to date. 2. identify various structures caused by the cratering process. Impact Crater Lab Date _____ Terrestrial Impact Craters, Second Edition Compiled by . manipulate the conditions that control the size and appearance of impact craters. . The interior of the crater. On your data chart, write a description of each projectile. Fill the pan about 2 cm deep with flour, lightly sprinkle the drinking chocolate to cover the entire surface. Repeat three times for each rock. a planetary surface is dead the more impact craters will appear on it. These processes have led to the rapid removal or burial of Earth's impact structures. Measure the diameter of the crater, using a paper centimeter ruler. This lesson introduces students to the hundreds of impact craters on range in a fun global competition. Thus, only about 160 terrestrial impact craters have been recognized to date. Space: Lesson 3, Earth Impact Activity - How Big is That Crater? Students simulate crater formation through a lab activity. Testing and studying these craters may help NASA identify areas on the Moon that are rich in water and other resources to determine how to best use those materials while on the lunar surface. Objectives This lab is designed to teach students how we can estimate the age of other planetary surfaces by counting and size-binning impact craters. Activity 21.7 Impact Cratering Experiment Continued. - Slide projector and several slides dealing with impact cratering - Marbles (these are the impactors) - Sling shot (for high velocity impacts) - Additional dry tempura paint Resources: Worksheet, Images, Impact: Earth, comparable nuclear detonation video Terminology: meteor, meteoroid, meteorite, impactor Tutorials: none Background. Just like in your science experiment, the size and shape of the crater depends on how big the meteorite was and how fast it was going when it . An Impact Basin is an impact crater that has a rim diameter greater than 185 miles (300 km). At closest approach the ~10-meter space rock was only 12,000 kilometers (7,500 miles) above the planet's surface. The material forms long lines pointing directly away from the crater. seismic activity would also have been devastating. Hands-on Activity Demonstration Supplies Needed per student or group: Prepared plaster of Paris OR dry plaster, water and a container Projectiles Tempura paint and sifter (your teacher may substitute a different powdered medium) Meter stick and ruler Data chart Impact Craters [] Add a layer of sprinkles. Google Drive folder. geology done by astronauts landing on the moon (1969-1972) supports the impact theory. In this classroom lab, students make craters themselves and can notice how impacts of different-sized objects at different angles can produce differently shaped craters. Students use two spheres of similar volume with differing masses to determine the relationship that mass and height have on gravitational potential energy. These sections reuse some of the slides from the introduction. Elsewhere in our solar system, however, these processes are muted by one major process impact - cratering. Students explore for water on Mars using impact crater morphology. Spread about an inch of flour into your cake pan. Impact craters are the dominant landforms on many solid Solar System objects. Larger planetary bodies retain their primodial heat longer that smaller bodies. Time: 30-60 minutes (This activity can also be done as a brief demonstration) Recommended age: 9-14 years old . In the space below, make graph of the average . Asteroids are rocky or metallic bodies that orbit the Sun and are generally smaller than most moons. State the relationship between the size of the crater, size of the projectile and velocity. These measurements reveal information about the physical properties of the planet in the image. pretation: Impact craters with moderate degree of deg-radation; most crater floors contain deposits emplaced by mass wasting and (or) eolian, volcanic, and fluvial processes. The virtual lab can be completed as a class or individually if a computer lab is available. Recognise the conditions that control the size and appearance of impact craters. activity. Measure the diameter of the ping-pong ball. 6. 14. Impact craters are some of the most abundant geological features on most lunar . Worksheet 2 3. One section on impact craters illustrates craters on Earth, the Moon and other planets. . Look at and evaluate images of craters on other planets/celestial bodies. 1) impact of a projectile on the surface and: 2) Collapse of the top of a volcano creating a crater termed caldera. 6 End of preview. This false-color image reveals the scar of a past major impact of a comet or small asteroid on Europa's surface. Thinking skill development: They are found throughout the Solar System, with a higher concentration between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, and a likely much larger .
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